To do this, the kernel communicates with the hardware through the drivers that are built into it or those that can be later installed as a module.įor example, when an application running on your machine wants to connect to a wireless network, it submits that request to the kernel, which in turns uses the right driver to connect to the network.
Managing system resources as efficiently as possible. Acting as an interface between the hardware and the software running on the system. On the other hand, a distribution is a fully-functional system built on top of the kernel with a wide variety of application tools and libraries.ĭuring normal operations, the kernel is responsible for performing two important tasks: This shows how to freeze a package at a given version number.Although some people use the word Linux to represent the operating system as a whole, it is important to note that, strictly speaking, Linux is only the kernel. How to restrict yum to install or upgrade a package to a fixed specific package version?. How to Install Particular Package Version in CentOS and Ubuntu. How can I instruct yum to install a specific version of package X?. Get yum to install a specific package version. The package name with the version, for example : # yum install php-gd-5.2.6 Once you know the full name of the version to install, specify List all available versions in the repository of your package usingįor example for the available versions of the GD extension for PHP: # yum -showduplicates list php-gd Modify the file /etc//CentOS-Base.repo and change all paths To instruct yum to install a specific version from the repository : You do not have to go through the vault in sequence, as the above document alsoĪny minor version is just a snapshot with previous updates, plus the latest batch of new upstream updates, rolled into a new repo with an initially empty repo. So you are not stuck if you have not kept up with the current minor release. Nevertheless, older minor branches can still be found in the So what you might as well disable all the yum repositories by addingĮnabled=0 (or changing the enabled=1 to 0) to each of the sections of the files in /etc/. What this means is that for old minor releases no updates are provided, If you are using an older minor version than the latest in a given branch, then you are missing security and bugfix updates. 
Thus, if the latest minor version of CentOS-6 is version 6.6 then the CentOS Project only provides updated software for this minor version in the 6 branch.
The CentOS Project provides updates or other changes ONLY for the latest version of each major branch. It is true that currently CentOS have gone to
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